In recent years, Indian agricultural sector has been facing various challenges for achieving food security at the national level due to massive pressure from the ever-increasing population and the change in preferences in crop production techniques. The present paper discusses the emerging trends, patterns and determinants of food security for the period 1980-81 to 2015-16 at national level. Results reveal that the growth rate of production and productivity of food grain crops decreased at a significant rate during the study period. However, the compound annual growth rate of per capita net availability of food grains declined at a significant rate, but on the other side, growth rate of per capita availability of non-food articles increased during the study period. The results of regression model revealed that crop diversification, climate change and agricultural openness have a negative impact on food security, while food grain productivity had a positive impact on food security during the study period. There is a strong need to regulate the government policies related to food management, crop management, climate change and globalization for reducing its negative effects on food security in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]