Corporate governance research has increased dramatically, especially during the past few decades, becoming a burning issue amongst academics, practitioners and policy makers. This increasing interest is driven by a growing string of business scandals worldwide, lack of and ineffective monitoring mechanisms and governance practices, and failure of board of directors. The emerging literature shows a linkage between corporate governance and performance of only large listed companies. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the nature of corporate governance structure and its contribution to the determination of performance of large cap and mid-cap companies listed in India. A total 100 companies, i.e., top 50 large cap companies and top 50 mid-cap companies, were considered. The data was analyzed separately for both large cap and mid-cap companies by using multiple regression models to identify the variables that affect company performance. The study found that there is significant effect of selected measures of corporate board structure on the performance of both large cap and mid-cap companies listed in India, except for board meeting in the case of large cap samples and gender diversity in the case of mid-cap samples.