The present study is an attempt to find out the factors affecting the success of joint ventures in construction firms in India. For this purpose, the study identified several critical factors based on a very comprehensive literature review and developed a questionnaire. The questionnaire was tested for its reliability and was pretested. The final questionnaire was administered to respondents having experience in dealing with joint ventures in the construction sector working on behalf of clients, contractors and consultants. Factor analysis was performed to group the items of the questionnaire, and a total of six factors were extracted, namely, cultural fitness with host nation, organizational fitness, partner synergy, relationship building and maintaining the relationship, proper management of joint venture and joint venture drivers. The overall variance explained by all the factors is 77%, while cultural fitness explained 38% of the variance.