Objective: The aim of the study was to find out the risk factor of bone mineral density (BMD).

Methodology: Cross-sectional data were collected on 233 participants (males and females) with age ranging from 20 to 70 years. The subjects were divided into two groups consisting of young adults of 20–45 years and older adults of >45 years. The BMD was calculated by a heel ultrasonic test. Each subject was measured for various adiposity markers like body fat, body mass index, body shape index (BSI), body adiposity index and lifestyle parameters.

Results: BSI was found to be higher among older adults in both males and females. The risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia was also seen to be significantly higher among older adults of >45 years (p < 0.001). Various factors like age (p < 0.001), milk intake status (p < 0.05), education (p < 0.01), occupation (p < 0.05) and body adiposity index (p < 0.05) were found to be risks for osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Conclusion: In our study, BMD was found to be highly correlated with age, and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis increased as age increased. Illiteracy, milk consumption status, homemakers and higher body adiposity were also identified as risk factors for developing osteopenia and osteoporosis.